the maccabean revolt was directed against

In 1 Maccabees, the insurgency begins in a small village, Modein, where a local leader, Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, was enraged when one of the people of the village stepped forward to offer sacrifice to idols. Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech Maccabees - Wikipedia Conversely, 2 Maccabees, which focuses on Judahs purification of the Temple and includes stories of martyrs, is classified as theological history, and as such, while it does provide a detailed account of the early phases of events, its historical value is considered suspect. The answer is that this persecution only ever existed as a narrative. Dying in a fight against high taxes struck no symbolic and no emotional chords in Judean cultureconversely, dying for the Law did. The king agreed. Protestants, on the other hand, are less familiar with this narrative, because these two books are not in their Bible but belong to what are called the apocryphal books. Our sources thus provide three bases for the cause of the insurgency: the desire of the ruler to homogenize other people to his own lifestyle; the ignorance and insensitivity of the ruler towards the customs and cultural traditions of other peoples; and the longing of the wealthy elite to imitate the ways of the ruling group. All other Judeans lost their political autonomy, and they and the Temple were made subjects of thepolis. If we are to think of the record in the Maccabean literature with as much scepticism as suggested, might we not go further and question whether there was a popular revolt at all rather than merely a factional struggle - later legitimated by claims of both popular and divine support? The Jewish revolt against the Greeks sets a precedent in human history - it becomes the worlds first religious war. It is nothing but the word of cowardice!" Sparta,his brother Agemennon & Strikingly, the passage in 2 Maccabees that is the most telling about what its author identified as the major causes of the revolt is the one describing Jasons establishment of thegymnasiumand ofHellenismos. when the victorious Achaean leader, Philopoemen, had abolished the Spartan educational system. The authors of 1-2 Maccabees would have us believe that the rebels stunning success in the Maccabean revolt included not only military victories against ever larger Seleucid forces but also the recapture and rededication of the Temple and the reversal of the royal decisions. Based on this reading, therefore, 2 Maccabees is all about which leaders were pious, and which were not. However this in my view is the most plausible solution, based both on historical parallels, and on my literary analysis of the text. The purpose of this primarily military education was to form good citizens, those who would perform and defend the traditions of the city. ''The Maccabean Revolt was a conflict, lasting from 167 to 160 BCE, between a Judean rebel group known as the Maccabees and the Seleucid Empire. WebPre-Rebellion In 198 BCE Seleucids took over Jerusalem and oppressed the Jews religiously (Antioch IV was the king of the Seleucid empire). The biblical accounts in the 1 and 2 Books of Maccabee are Apocryphal, and focus on the religious aspects Consequently, the fact that 2 Maccabees emphasizes Judahs piety is evidence not that its author was religiously minded, but that he was a supporter of the Hasmonean dynasty! The author of 2 Maccabees thought Jason was really not a Jew, but Jason no doubt thought he was. My contention that 2 Maccabees is a dynastic, rather than theological, history is also based on a second premise: in ancient times there was no scientific discourse separate and distinct from what we now call religion. Consequently, there was no alternative to the view that God created the cosmos, that social order reflected divine order, or that human history was ruled by divine will. The revolt of the Jews against Antiochus IV is the story at the heart of the Jewish festival of Hanukkah. The idea of popular solidarity behind the divine decrees would make a powerful counterpart to the account of the fall of the former Kingdom precisely because the people had not been faithful and the kings had not made them see the error of their ways. These frictions, however, did not lead to any serious conflicts--until 167 B.C.E., when an insurgency arose. Maccabees Mini Teaser:The Biblical account tells a cautionary tale for Mid-East policy todayto those reading between the lines. Supported by: Updated 21 August, 2021 - 18:51 dhwty The Maccabean Revolt: The Jewish Rebellion Against the Seleucid Empire Read Later Print The Maccabean Revolt was a We know the details of the Finally, the establishment of thepoliswas detrimental both socially and economically, as it entailed, among other things, an uneven distribution of the fiscal burden between citizens and non-citizens. RamesIII&IV,? This event was a profoundly traumatic The Maccabean Revolt The Maccabean Revolt 1:10). When Mattathias died, the revolt was led by his son Judas, or Judah Mistakenly believing that the Judeans were revolting against his rule, Antiochus IV attacked Jerusalem on his return from Egypt. Bickermann saw the origin of the problem in the attempt of "Hellenized" Jews to reform the "antiquated" and "outdated" religion practiced in Jerusalem, and to rid it of superstitious elements. WebAccording to Rabbinic tradition, the victorious Maccabees could only find a small jug of oil that had remained uncontaminated by virtue of a seal, and although it only contained enough oil to sustain the Menorah for one day, it miraculously lasted for eight days, by which time further oil could be procured. In 175 BCE he was deposed by his brother, Jason, who promised to pay the provincial tribute at a substantially higher rate if Antiochus IVwho had just ascended to the Seleucid throneappointed him High Priest. He did not understand their own particular religious and cultural traditions, but proceeded to treat them like everybody else. These are differences in emphasis, however. In the absence of a reliable source, scholars are therefore obliged to make only informed guesses as to these causes. Because of the accounts emphasis on piety, these denunciations have been discounted by modern commentators, but if we read through 2 Maccabees culturally-conditioned narrative codes, the argument presented is perfectly rationaland plausible. Consequently, in 2 Maccabees the Greek wordsIoudaismosandHellenismoscannot have the meanings that Judaism and Hellenism have in the modern lexicon, because the latter refer to semantic categoriesreligion and culturethat did not exist when this text was written. Likewise, his characterization of Jason and Menelaus as impious men should be read in the same way: it is a politically-biased claim aimed to delegitimize the Maccabees rivals in their contest for power, and not an objective description. For most people in the modern West (and the Middle East, and probably elsewhere), standards of social and economic justice are still not completely separate from the notion of "What (the) God(s) want(s). Antiochus IV was quite ignorant about the group with whom he was dealing. In 2 Maccabees, there is no mention of Mattathias, but Judas is leader of the revolt right from the start. Read more about this topic: Maccabees After all, I doubt the Hasmoneans were necessarily any more just (fiscally speaking) than the rulers who preceded them. Admittedly, however, the text is open to alternative, more radical reinterpretations, as that suggested in comment 2. 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees give different accounts of the origin of the revolt. WebThe Jewish revolt against the Greeks sets a precedent in human history - it becomes the worlds first religious war. WebScience Earth Sciences Earth Sciences questions and answers Question 5 The Maccabean revolt was directed against o the Persian empire. Answer The Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish rebellion against their Greek/Syrian oppressors in Israel, c. 167160 BC, as well as a rejection of Hellenistic However, following the battle of Panion (200 B.C.E. Jason also promised to pay an additional tax if the king granted him permission to establish agymnasiumin Jerusalem, and draw up a list of Antiochenesthat is, to found apolis, or city in the Greek tradition, in Jerusalem, to be named Antioch. While modern scholars closelyand uncriticallyrely on 1 and 2 Maccabees to reconstruct the course of these events, they are wary of using them to establish the causes of the rebellion. In all likelihood, these were the true main reasons for the revolt, which are presented here as misfortunes brought upon the Judeans by Jason, in support of the denunciation of his rule as illegitimate. Maccabean Revolt. Jewish individuals who wished to keep their identity and traditions did not like what Seleucids were doing and decided to fight against them. Judah Maccabee and his brothers led the rebellion, liberated Jerusalem, and restored the Temple. The Maccabees won the war and reestablished the kingdom of Judah . What follows is my own attempt to unravel what triggered the revolt, no doubt influenced by current events. Judging by its scale, however, the kings assault was no doubt in reaction to a wide-scale, popular rebellion which, according to 2 Maccabees, erupted when a false rumor circulated that Antiochus had died during his campaign in Egypt. he plundered Troy & Menelaus went on to Egpyt in search of his wife "Helen of Troy-Sparta"where she exiled during Maccabean Revolt - Biblical Studies - Oxford Bibliographies Religious Persecution or High Taxes? The Causes of the In this brief clip from his teaching series Dust to Glory Full-scale, open revolt against the Romans occurred with the First JewishRoman War in 66 CE. Hence, 2 Maccabees insisted that the establishment of thegymnasiummeant that the Temple service was adversely affected. I assume that some religious or cultural indicator like in all games since M2 will be present and Jews can be one of the categories. Flavius Josephus, The War of the Jews, Book 1.1 2 The author of the First Book of Maccabees regarded the Maccabean revolt asa rising of pious Jews against the Seleucid king (who had tried to eradicate their religion) and against the Jews who supported him. All such stories about this contractual alliance between king and deity followed a six-part fixed narrative pattern: 1) the circumstances leading up to the foundation (or refoundation) of the temple, including an account of how it was destroyed, how its enemies were defeated, and how the deity was appeased; 2) the preparations for the construction; 3) the construction process itself; 4) the dedication rites and festivities; 5) the kings prayer for the deitys blessing; and 6) the blessings upon those faithful to the temple, and the establishment of norms. The Maccabean Revolt WebAnswer (1 of 4): The Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish rebellion, lasting from 167 to 160 BC, led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire and the Hellenistic influence on Jewish life. Another thread about jews and the Maccabean Revolt . He would make night raids and ambushes on his opponents, and, without warning, set fires in towns and villages, no doubt attacking his opponents. The methodological assumption of numerous scholars, to which I subscribe, is that stories reshape events and do not make them up altogether. WebJudah accepts. For the Jews, this would entail sacrificing to idols. The Maccabean Revolt - Ligonier Ministries This was not a matter of belief, but of common sense: no one in Judea doubted that it was Gods will for the Temple to be desecrated, because of His wrath against His people who had departed from His waysand conversely that, when the Temple was purified, it was because God had now been appeased. The Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish uprising against the Seleucid Empire that was launched in 167 BCE. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. WebIn the year 142 BCE, after more than 500 years of subjugation, the Jews were again masters of their own fate. When was the Maccabean Revolt? - Study.com The banning of Judean religious practices, which in the collective memory of the Judeans was thenceforth remembered as religious persecution, triggered a popular revolt against the Seleucids and their local supporters, the Hellenized Judeans, led successively by the Maccabean brothersJudah, Jonathan and Simon. The prevailing view is that, due to the authors religious world view, his account allegedly places excessive emphasis on religious and cultural issues, misleadingly defining the revolt in terms of a struggle between Judaism and Hellenism, while downplaying its genuine causes, which must have been political and economic. Since the author himself had coined the Greek termIoudaismos, and was using the termHellenismosin an innovative way, we must first understand that he was giving these words meanings that were rooted in his own cultural and linguistic experiencenot ours. My hunch is that if we were to go back in time and ask a Judean peasant, the tax issues would figure far more prominently in their narrative of the revolt than the cultic issues (although the latter would certainly not be absent from the narrative or conceptually separate from the tax issues). However, while the festival commemorates this story in accordance with its later, rabbinical version, modern scholarly reconstructions are based on 1 and 2 Maccabees. WebThe traditional Jewish explanation is that Maccabee ( Hebrew: Machabi) is an acronym for the Torah verse that was the battle-cry of the Maccabees, "M i ch amocha The small state of Judea, with a radius of about twenty miles around its capital Jerusalem, was ruled by wealthy priestly and lay families. See WebThe Revolt of the Maccabees. I am eternally tired of hearing that word caution. The Maccabean Revolt: The Jewish Rebellion Against the Seleucid The Maccabean Revolt Flashcards | Quizlet October 2014. As we saw above, 2 Maccabees claims that Antiochus IV's attack was triggered by a factional conflict between Jason and Menelaus. We know the details of the Jewish fight against the Greeks and Hellenism from the two Books of the Maccabees as well as the writings of the Jewish historian Josephus. John Ma, Re-examining Hanukkah. InThe Marginalia Review of Books,http://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org(9 July 2013).

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