negative impacts of environmental conservation

Linkages with moderate or low occurrences of evidence, but which are priority topics for policy or program management by national governments, NGOs or conservation donors, might be promising areas for investment in research and additional impact evaluations. Like Bowler et al. Roe D, Fancourt M, Sandbrook C, Sibanda M, Giuliani A, Gordon-Maclean A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. Broadly, the evidence base is insufficient to make generalizations about policy effectiveness or trade-offs between different options for improving human well-being through nature-based conservation. Global policy initiatives and international conservation organizations have sought to emphasize and strengthen the link between the conservation of natural ecosystems and human development. A state of knowledge review. New Dir Eval. First, consistent time series data on more subjective outcomes, associated with dimensions such as culture, are rarely available at broad scales and often require primary data collection from individuals. They include the depletion of local natural resources as well as pollution and waste problems. 2014;3:16. CAS Biases in research efforts have significant effect of the extent and distribution of existing evidence. The occurrences of evidence, or the number of times a linkage between an intervention evaluated and outcomes measured is documented in our systematic map is also indicated. Baral N, Stern M, Heinen J. About 12% of articles compared effects of the intervention over time either using a baseline before the start of the intervention or other interrupted time series data. Existing evidence can provide useful information on types of data and methods for monitoring specific outcomes. For instance, the public health field has recently called for a new discipline: planetary health [21], which emphasizes how unsustainable resource consumption and environmental degradation can setback decades of global health gains [58]. Conserv Biol. The linkage with the highest occurrence of evidence is Resource Management and Economic well-being. Reliance on evidence solely from traditional interventions limits the range of options for those planning and investing in conservation, and also presents a potential risk by not reporting unintended or even negative outcomes from new, but increasingly popular, interventions. What are the impacts of nature conservation interventions on human well However, there might be many competing frameworks to choose as we found with categorizing dimensions of human well-being. Alternatively, regulations restricting access might affect vulnerable groups dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods [56] or bring communities into conflict with wildlife populations managed under conservation arrangements [50]. 10) and a number of new, robust articles have been undertaken since some of these reviews were published there is an opportunity to carry out additional syntheses on these linkages and expand their scope to marine and freshwater biomes. Third, the map was focused on non-OECD countries which excluded research from 20+ developed countries. In contrast, countries with the highest number of impact evaluations (n>5) include China, Costa Rica, Brazil, Thailand and Tanzania (Fig. A search string comprising the following English search terms were used to query online bibliographic databases and internet search engines: (conservation OR conserve OR conservancy OR protect* OR management OR awareness OR law* OR policy* OR reserve* OR govern* OR capacity-build* OR train* OR regulation OR payment for ecosystem services OR PES OR ecotourism OR sustainable use) AND, marine OR freshwater OR coastal OR forest* OR ecosystem* OR species OR habitat* OR biodiversity OR sustainab* OR ecolog* OR integrated OR landscape OR seascape OR coral reef* OR natural resource*) AND, (wellbeing OR well-being OR well being OR ecosystem service* OR nutrition OR skill* OR empower* OR clean water OR livelihood* OR (food) security OR resilience* OR vulnerability OR (social) capital OR attitude* OR perception* OR (human) health* OR human capital OR (traditional knowledge or TEK) AND, (human* OR people OR person* OR community* OR household* OR fisher* OR collaborative). [Commentary] A decade after relocation, the lives of Van Gujjars still 2010;4:25474. Better understanding of health impacts for example would require knowledge on epidemiology, nutrition and health economics. Instead, appraisal was limited to assessing the confidence in the methods and findings of systematic reviews identified. Almost a quarter of included articles were non-comparative (Fig. London: Natural Resource Issues IIED; 2010. People and wildlife: conflict or coexistence?. Figure7 presents the distribution of articles identified by outcome category. 2015;520:4323. No 11. Part of Given the scope of this map, the search of online publication databases and additional sources yielded a large quantity of potential articles. Watson JEM, Dudley N, Segan DB, Hockings M. The performance and potential of protected areas. Answer (1 of 5): Ironically, by the acts of people trying to enjoy the sport. Synthesis of this evidence across intervention types opens up new possibilities for assessing the relative effectiveness of different (and emerging) strategies, such as market-based approaches, in realizing economic/material well-being goals, but also possible trade-offs with other aspects of well-being. Articles utilized a range of different comparators to examine effects of conservation interventions between sites and populations and over time periods. volume5, Articlenumber:8 (2016) Deciding which of these actions to take is dependent on occurrence and robustness of evidence across linkages identified in the evidence base. Results chains. DfID. The world is also becoming more polarized in regard to how different nations affect the environment, with high and growing emissions shares . World Bank Group. A bibliography of included articles is listed in Additional file 3: Appendix 3 in supplementary material (Additional file 3: Appendix 3 Table S3. Most studies found that government PAs reduced the negative anthropogenic environmental impacts exerted on the forests located within PAs (e.g. 2014;111:43327. What Is Ecotourism? Definition, Examples, and Pros and Cons - Treehugger Included articles measured effects across eight nature conservation-related intervention and ten human well-being related outcome categories. c Number of impact evaluations by country. For linkages with high occurrence of evidence, further evidence synthesis using systematic reviews and, where possible, meta-analyses can provide information about directionality and distribution of impacts and in what contexts. Structural matrix illustrating the distribution of systematic reviews included in the systematic map and the level of confidence based upon reliability of review methodology. Interpretation of our results and their implications for conservation policy and practice are confined to findings from the included systematic reviews as these alone include critical appraisal of the direction and distribution of impacts between different interventions. What's the environmental impact each time we hit 'buy now,' and - NPR Categories of interventions and outcomes are described in Tables1 and 2. Ferraro PJ, Hanauer MM. Although they account for only around 5 percent of the world's population, they effectively manage an . While the map does not provide sufficient information to determine which interventions are most effective in which contexts (further synthesis would be required), it does provide a range of options to choose from, what outcomes they are associated with, and where they have been applied before. 2014;28:11606. The green economy is essential for promoting inclusive environmental sustainability and global climate adaptation into our domestic and global economic structures while ensuring a good prospect for people and the environment (Guo et al., 2021).The green economy recognizes that long-term economic growth and development are dependent on the effective and responsible use and conservation of . We recommend using this systematic map to support three follow-up actions: evidence synthesis, knowledge generation and theory development. Does conserving biodiversity work to reduce poverty? 2013. Second, the search was limited to English language literature, although results from a search of Portuguese, Spanish and French language literature are forthcoming. Mining and biodiversity: key issues and research needs in conservation Soil Stabilization 3. Madeleine C. McKinnon or Samantha H. Cheng. [38] examined the impacts of terrestrial protected areas globally and human well-being. Conserv Soc. Furthermore, the review found no impact evaluations which jointly measured deforestation and welfare effects. The initial extraction tool included in the protocol was adapted (see Additional file 2: Appendix 2 coding tool for data extraction). Understanding effects of these incentive-based interventions is important given greater interest in market-based approaches among NGOs (e.g., ACDI/VOCA, WWF) and foundations (e.g., new strategies by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation) as well as new models for implementation involving publicprivate partnerships (e.g., USAID and the Walt Disney Corporation in Alto Mayo, Peru). Recent systematic reviews have focused on prominent interventions including protected areas [38], integrated water management [19], payment for environmental services [43], and community-based conservation (e.g., [7, 9, 44]). Appendix 1 (Specialist search strategy) provides a description of revised search terms and search results from organization websites and specialist databases. We found few articles prior to 1990 with a significant increase after 2002 (Fig. This research was conducted by the Evidence-based Conservation Working Group and financially supported in part by SNAP: Science for Nature and People, a collaboration of The Nature Conservancy, the Wildlife Conservation Society and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS). Indigenous peoples are stewards of the world's biodiversity and cultural diversity. Agrawal A, Chhatre A. The five countries with the greatest number of all included articles are India, Nepal, China, Brazil and Tanzania (Fig. While many indices have been developed to measure various social outcomes to conservation interventions, the quantity and strength of evidence to support the effects, both positive and negative, of conservation on different dimensions of human well-being, remain unclear, dispersed and inconsistent. This classification scheme was not intended to infer quality but rather categorize articles according to different designs with respect to levels of internal and external validity. J Appl Ecol. The methods presented here are largely similar to those outlined in Bottrill et al. Tree planting as a simple carbon sequestration solution Pledges to plant large areas of trees to help tackle climate change are often perceived as a win for conservation. Further empirical evaluation is needed to document the magnitude and direction of particular conservation-well-being linkages, in particular for relationships commonly assumed in conceptual models, institutional strategies or global policy goals. This study has compiled the largest thematic synthesis to date of primary research articles documenting the impacts of nature conservation on human well-being outcomes in developing countries. First, while our search strategy was comprehensive, it was not exhaustive. 2013;110:1091621. 2015;4:19. [31, 32, 33, . The first relates to linkages between conservation and economic and material well-being. First, data extraction was intended to capture general characteristics for each article. Collaboration for Environmental Evidence, CEE review 13-015a. List of academic thesis databases searched for relevant articles. The Positive and Negative Impacts of Covid on Nature There is sufficient evidence to examine links between these aspects of well-being and area and resource management. List of websites searched for relevant articles. Though relatively few, there appears to be enough rigorous evaluations to explore this linkage. By Mary Guiden It's a good thing to explore the great outdoors. Waste Generation 5. 2015;12:13747. Similarly, certain interventions associated with capacity building or empowerment within communities are often viewed as secondary activities intended to support other interventions, and thus might not be the target of monitoring. Due to the size of the evidence base, data were not collated on qualitative approaches to impact evaluations such as stratified random sampling of interview subjects. Furthermore, greater attention and research investment should be directed to improving evaluation study designs, increasing case studies that address intangible and subjective domains of human well-being that are evidence poor, and expanding research to include articles in data-poor geographies, biomes, and intervention categories. Conserv Biol. Different sources of information, e.g., online publication databases, search engines, topical databases and organisation websites, were searched to maximize the coverage of the search. Integrated conservation and development project life cycles in the Annapurna conservation area, Nepal: is development overpowering conservation? The matrix represents the primary output of the systematic mapping process and allows an intuitive visual format for synthesizing data on specific articles and linkages. In addition, if non-systematic reviews were identified then their bibliographies were searched for relevant articles meeting inclusion criteria. 2013;8:e64581. The dataset of included articles represents a range of geographic regions (Fig. Snilstveit B, Vojtkova M, Bhavsar A, Gaarder M. Evidence gap maps: a tool for promoting evidence-informed policy and prioritizing future research. World Bank Group. At a systems level, it appears that the conditions are in place for mislabeling to be generating negative impacts on marine populations and to support consumption of products from poorly. Prominent gaps in the evidence base include the lack of evidence for interventions, such as education and species management, and measurement of important aspects of well-being, such as social relations between groups, that may be more difficult to quantify. While several conservation projects and policies have achieved both conservation and development goals [2, 3], conflicts and negative relationships between conservation and human well-being have also been highlighted [42], including loss of access rights [18], human-wildlife conflict [61], and evictions from protected areas [8]. Evidence on different outcomes (in rows) is mapped on to different categories of interventions (in columns).

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